Vol. 142, No. 16 — April 19, 2008

GOVERNMENT NOTICES

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Notice is hereby given that, pursuant to the provisions of Part 7, Division 3, of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the conditions of Permit No. 4543-2-06453 are amended as follows:

3. Term of Permit: Permit is valid from May 19, 2008, to May 18, 2009.

ERIC HUNDERT
Environmental Stewardship
Atlantic Region
On behalf of the Minister of the Environment

[16-1-o]

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Notice is hereby given that, pursuant to the provisions of Part 7, Division 3, of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, Permit No. 4543-2-06496 is approved.

 1. Permittee: Fishery Products International Ltd., Triton, Newfoundland and Labrador.

 2. Type of Permit: To load and dispose of fish waste and other organic matter resulting from industrial fish-processing operations for the purpose of disposal.

 3. Term of Permit: Permit is valid from May 22, 2008, to May 21, 2009.

 4. Loading Site(s): 49°32.3¢ N, 55°35.9¢ W, Triton, Newfoundland and Labrador.

 5. Disposal Site(s): 49°33.5¢ N, 55°34.0¢ W, at an approximate depth of 183 m.

 6. Route to Disposal Site(s): Most direct navigational route from the loading site to the disposal site.

 7. Equipment: Vessels, barges or other floating equipment complying with all applicable rules regarding safety and navigation and capable of containing all waste cargo during loading and transit to the approved disposal site.

 8. Method of Disposal: The material to be disposed of shall be discharged from the equipment or vessel while steaming within 300 m of the approved disposal site. Disposal will take place in a manner which will promote the greatest degree of dispersion. All vessels will operate at maximum safe speed while discharging offal.

 9. Rate of Disposal: As required by normal operations.

10. Total Quantity to Be Disposed of: Not to exceed 3 500 tonnes.

11. Material to Be Disposed of: Fish waste and other organic matter resulting from industrial fish-processing operations.

12. Requirements and Restrictions:

12.1. It is required that the Permittee report, in writing, to Mr. Rick Wadman, Environmental Protection Operations Directorate, Environment Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador A1N 4T3, 709-772-5097 (fax), rick.wadman@ec.gc.ca (email), at least 48 hours prior to the start of the first disposal operation to be conducted under this permit.

12.2. A written report shall be submitted to Mr. Rick Wadman, identified in paragraph 12.1, within 30 days of either the completion of the work or the expiry of the permit, whichever comes first. This report shall contain the following information: the quantity and type of material disposed of pursuant to the permit and the dates on which the loading and disposal activities occurred.

12.3. It is required that the Permittee admit any enforcement officer designated pursuant to subsection 217(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to any place, ship or structure directly related to the loading or disposal at sea referred to under this permit, at any reasonable time throughout the duration of this permit.

12.4. The loading and transit of waste material to be disposed of at the disposal site must be conducted in such a manner that no material enters the marine environment. Waste material spilled at any place other than the permitted disposal site must be retrieved. All waste must be contained on shore while the barge is away from the loading site.

12.5. The material to be disposed of must be covered by netting or other material to prevent access by gulls, except during direct loading or disposal of the material.

12.6. This permit must be displayed in an area of the plant accessible to the public.

12.7. Vessels operating under the authority of this permit must carry and display a radar-reflecting device at all times mounted on the highest practical location.

12.8. The loading or disposal at sea referred to under this permit shall not be carried out without written authorization from the Permittee.

12.9. Material loaded for the purpose of disposal at sea may not be held aboard any vessel for more than 96 hours without the written consent of an enforcement officer designated pursuant to subsection 217(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.

ERIC HUNDERT
Environmental Stewardship
Atlantic Region
On behalf of the Minister of the Environment

[16-1-o]

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Notice is hereby given that, pursuant to the provisions of Part 7, Division 3, of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, Permit No. 4543-2-06502 is approved.

 1. Permittee: Hickey & Sons Fisheries Ltd., St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador.

 2. Type of Permit: To load and dispose of fish waste and other organic matter resulting from industrial fish-processing operations for the purpose of disposal.

 3. Term of Permit: Permit is valid from May 21, 2008, to May 20, 2009.

 4. Loading Site(s): 47°04.10¢ N, 53°34.30¢ W, O’Donnell’s, Newfoundland and Labrador.

 5. Disposal Site(s): 47°04.00¢ N, 53°38.00¢ W, at an approximate depth of 50 m.

 6. Route to Disposal Site(s): Most direct navigational route from the loading site to the disposal site.

 7. Equipment: Vessels, barges or other floating equipment complying with all applicable rules regarding safety and navigation and capable of containing all waste cargo during loading and transit to the approved disposal site.

 8. Method of Disposal: The material to be disposed of shall be discharged from the equipment or vessel while steaming within 300 m of the approved disposal site. Disposal will take place in a manner which will promote the greatest degree of dispersion. All vessels will operate at maximum safe speed while discharging offal.

 9. Rate of Disposal: As required by normal operations.

10. Total Quantity to Be Disposed of: Not to exceed 250 tonnes.

11. Material to Be Disposed of: Fish waste and other organic matter resulting from industrial fish-processing operations.

12. Requirements and Restrictions:

12.1. It is required that the Permittee report, in writing, to Mr. Rick Wadman, Environmental Protection Operations Directorate, Environment Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador A1N 4T3, 709-772-5097 (fax), rick. wadman@ec.gc.ca (email), at least 48 hours prior to the start of the first disposal operation to be conducted under this permit.

12.2. A written report shall be submitted to Mr. Rick Wadman, identified in paragraph 12.1, within 30 days of either the completion of the work or the expiry of the permit, whichever comes first. This report shall contain the following information: the quantity and type of material disposed of pursuant to the permit and the dates on which the loading and disposal activities occurred.

12.3. It is required that the Permittee admit any enforcement officer designated pursuant to subsection 217(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to any place, ship or structure directly related to the loading or disposal at sea referred to under this permit, at any reasonable time throughout the duration of this permit.

12.4. The loading and transit of waste material to be disposed of at the disposal site must be conducted in such a manner that no material enters the marine environment. Waste material spilled at any place other than the permitted disposal site must be retrieved. All waste must be contained on shore while the barge is away from the loading site.

12.5. The material to be disposed of must be covered by netting or other material to prevent access by gulls, except during direct loading or disposal of the material.

12.6. This permit must be displayed in an area of the plant accessible to the public.

12.7. Vessels operating under the authority of this permit must carry and display a radar-reflecting device at all times mounted on the highest practical location.

12.8. The loading or disposal at sea referred to under this permit shall not be carried out without written authorization from the Permittee.

12.9. Material loaded for the purpose of disposal at sea may not be held aboard any vessel for more than 96 hours without the written consent of an enforcement officer designated pursuant to subsection 217(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.

ERIC HUNDERT
Environmental Stewardship
Atlantic Region
On behalf of the Minister of the Environment

[16-1-o]

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Notice is hereby given that, pursuant to the provisions of Part 7, Division 3, of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, Permit No. 4543-2-06514 is approved.

 1. Permittee: St. Anthony Seafoods Limited Partnership, St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador.

 2. Type of Permit: To load and dispose of fish waste and other organic matter resulting from industrial fish-processing operations for the purpose of disposal.

 3. Term of Permit: Permit is valid from May 20, 2008, to May 19, 2009.

 4. Loading Site(s): 51°21.71¢ N, 55°34.41¢ W, St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador.

 5. Disposal Site(s): 51°21.49¢ N, 55°32.28¢ W, at an approximate depth of 80 m.

 6. Route to Disposal Site(s): Most direct navigational route from the loading site to the disposal site.

 7. Equipment: Vessels, barges or other floating equipment complying with all applicable rules regarding safety and navigation and capable of containing all waste cargo during loading and transit to the approved disposal site.

 8. Method of Disposal: The material to be disposed of shall be discharged from the equipment or vessel while steaming within 300 m of the approved disposal site. Disposal will take place in a manner which will promote the greatest degree of dispersion. All vessels will operate at maximum safe speed while discharging offal.

 9. Rate of Disposal: As required by normal operations.

10. Total Quantity to Be Disposed of: Not to exceed 6 000 tonnes.

11. Material to Be Disposed of: Fish waste and other organic matter resulting from industrial fish-processing operations.

12. Requirements and Restrictions:

12.1. It is required that the Permittee report, in writing, to Mr. Rick Wadman, Environmental Protection Operations Directorate, Environment Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador A1N 4T3, 709-772-5097 (fax), rick.wadman@ec.gc.ca (email), at least 48 hours prior to the start of the first disposal operation to be conducted under this permit.

12.2. A written report shall be submitted to Mr. Rick Wadman, identified in paragraph 12.1, within 30 days of either the completion of the work or the expiry of the permit, whichever comes first. This report shall contain the following information: the quantity and type of material disposed of pursuant to the permit and the dates on which the loading and disposal activities occurred.

12.3. It is required that the Permittee admit any enforcement officer designated pursuant to subsection 217(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to any place, ship or structure directly related to the loading or disposal at sea referred to under this permit, at any reasonable time throughout the duration of this permit.

12.4. The loading and transit of waste material to be disposed of at the disposal site must be conducted in such a manner that no material enters the marine environment. Waste material spilled at any place other than the permitted disposal site must be retrieved. All waste must be contained on shore while the barge is away from the loading site.

12.5. The material to be disposed of must be covered by netting or other material to prevent access by gulls, except during direct loading or disposal of the material.

12.6. This permit must be displayed in an area of the plant accessible to the public.

12.7. Vessels operating under the authority of this permit must carry and display a radar-reflecting device at all times mounted on the highest practical location.

12.8. The loading or disposal at sea referred to under this permit shall not be carried out without written authorization from the Permittee.

12.9. Material loaded for the purpose of disposal at sea may not be held aboard any vessel for more than 96 hours without the written consent of an enforcement officer designated pursuant to subsection 217(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.

ERIC HUNDERT
Environmental Stewardship
Atlantic Region
On behalf of the Minister of the Environment

[16-1-o]

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Ministerial Condition No. 15005

Whereas the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health have assessed information pertaining to the substance Benzene, 1,1′-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromo)-, Chemical Abstracts Service No. 84852-53-9;

And whereas the Ministers suspect that the substance is toxic;

The Minister of the Environment hereby imposes, under paragraph 84(1)(a) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, conditions under Ministerial Condition No. 15005, in accordance with the following annex.

JOHN BAIRD
Minister of the Environment

ANNEX

Conditions
(Section 84 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999)

Subject to section 81 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Notifier may import the substance after the assessment period expires, only in circumstances where the Notifier complies with the following terms:

Application

1. Items 3 to 6 of the following conditions do not apply if the substance is imported already compounded into thermoplastic material in the form of pellets or flakes.

Use Restriction

2. The Notifier shall import the substance for use only as a flame retardant component to produce thermoplastic parts and thermoplastic coatings.

Disposal Restrictions for Returnable Vessels

3. When returning returnable vessels that contained the substance to the supplier, the Notifier shall follow the procedures hereafter:

(a) all vessels shall be sealed to prevent release of the substance prior to the vessels being returned to the supplier; or

(b) all residual substance shall be removed completely prior to the vessels being returned to the supplier.

Disposal Restrictions for Non-returnable Vessels

4. When disposing of or destroying non-returnable vessels that contained the substance, the Notifier shall follow the procedures hereafter:

(a) all vessels shall be sealed prior to being disposed of as hazardous wastes, as permitted under the laws of the jurisdiction where the disposal facility is located; or

(b) all residual substance shall be removed completely prior to the vessels being disposed of or reused.

Disposal Restriction of the Substance

5. The substance removed in application of paragraph 3(b) or 4(b) must be disposed of in accordance with item 6.

6. The Notifier must dispose of the substance or any vessel residues containing the substance:

(a) as hazardous waste, as permitted under the laws of the jurisdiction where the disposal facility is located; or

(b) via incineration, as permitted under the laws of the jurisdiction where the disposal facility is located.

Accidental Release

7. Where any release of the substance to the environment occurs in contravention of the conditions set out in items 3 to 6, the Notifier shall immediately take all measures necessary to prevent any further release, and to limit the dispersion of any release. Furthermore, the Notifier shall inform the Minister of the Environment immediately, by contacting an enforcement officer designated under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, of the closest Department of the Environment Regional Office to where the release occurred.

Record-keeping Requirements

8. (1) The Notifier shall maintain electronic or paper records, with any documentation supporting the validity of the information contained in these records, indicating

(a) the quantity of the substance that the Notifier imports, sells, purchases and uses;

(b) the name and address of each person obtaining the substance from the Notifier; and

(c) the name and address of the company, in Canada, disposing of the wastes containing the substance, and records that the wastes were shipped to a company to be disposed of in conformity with this Ministerial Condition.

8. (2) The Notifier shall maintain electronic or paper records made in item 8(1) at the Notifier’s principal place of business in Canada.

Information Requirements

9. Should the Notifier intend to manufacture the substance, the Notifier shall inform the Minister of the Environment, in writing, at least 75 days prior to the beginning of manufacturing, and shall provide the following information:

(a) all information set out in Schedule 4 of the New Substances Notification Regulations (Chemicals and Polymers);

(b) items 8 and 9 set out in Schedule 5 of these Regulations;

(c) item 11 set out in Schedule 6 of these Regulations; and

(d) the Canadian manufacturing and processing information.

Other Requirements

10. The Notifier shall inform all individuals who obtain the substance from them, in writing, of the terms of the present Ministerial Condition, and the Notifier shall obtain, prior to any transfer of the substance, written confirmation from them that they use the substance only as a flame retardant component to produce thermoplastic parts and thermoplastic coatings, and that they will meet these terms as if the present Ministerial Condition had been imposed on them. These records shall be maintained at the Notifier’s principal place of business in Canada.

Coming into Force

11. This Ministerial Condition comes into force on April 2, 2008.

[16-1-o]

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Rescinding Ministerial Condition No. 14852

Whereas the Minister of the Environment has previously imposed, under section 84 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Ministerial Condition No. 14852 pertaining to Benzene, 1,1¢-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromo)-, Chemical Abstracts Service No. 84852-53-9, on October 9, 2007;

Whereas the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health have assessed additional information pertaining to the substance;

Whereas the Ministers suspect that the substance is toxic;

Whereas the Minister of the Environment has imposed the Ministerial Condition No. 15005 as the result of the submission of information pertaining to the substance under section 81 of the Act;

And whereas this rescission comes into force on the day on which the Ministerial Condition No. 15005 comes into force;

Therefore, the Minister of the Environment hereby rescinds the Ministerial Condition No. 14852 under subsection 84(3) of the Act.

JOHN BAIRD
Minister of the Environment

[16-1-o]

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Order 2008-87-01-04 Amending the Non-domestic Substances List

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Significant New Activity Notice No. 15043

Significant New Activity Notice
(Section 85 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999)

Whereas the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health have assessed information in respect of the substance Propanenitrile, 3-[[4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl](substitutedmethyl)amino]-;

Whereas the substance is not on the Domestic Substances List;

And whereas the Ministers suspect that a significant new activity in relation to the substance may result in the substance becoming toxic under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999,

Therefore, the Minister of the Environment indicates, pursuant to section 85 of that Act, that subsection 81(4) of the same Act applies with respect to the substance in accordance with the Annex.

JOHN BAIRD
Minister of the Environment

ANNEX

Information Requirements
(Section 85 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999)

1. In relation to the substance Propanenitrile, 3-[[4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl](substitutedmethyl)amino]-, a significant new activity is any activity involving the substance in any quantity, other than for use as a dye in the industrial dyeing of the polyester fibres.

2. A person that proposes a significant new activity set out in this notice for this substance shall provide to the Minister of the Environment, at least 90 days prior to the commencement of the proposed significant new activity, the following information:

(1) a description of the proposed significant new activity in relation to the substance;

(2) the information specified in Schedule 4 of the New Substances Notification Regulations (Chemicals and Polymers);

(3) the information specified in item 8 of Schedule 5 to those Regulations;

(4) the information specified in item 11 of Schedule 6 to those Regulations;

(5) test data which provides information on the potential for the substance to leach out of the material in the context of the proposed new activity, when conditions include dermal contact with skin and under experimental conditions that are representative of dermal contact; and

(6) test data from a skin sensitization study in respect of the substance, conducted according to the methodology described in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline No. 429 entitled Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay and in conformity with the practices described in the “OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice” set out in Annex 2 of the Decision of the Council Concerning the Mutual Acceptance of Data in the Assessment of Chemicals, adopted on May 12, 1981, and that are current at the time the test data are developed.

3. The above information will be assessed within 90 days after the day on which it is received by the Minister of the Environment.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

(This explanatory note is not part of the
Significant New Activity Notice.)

A Significant New Activity Notice is a legal instrument issued by the Minister of the Environment pursuant to section 85 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. The Significant New Activity Notice sets out the appropriate information that must be provided to the Minister for assessment prior to the commencement of a new activity as described in the notice.

Substances that are not listed on the Domestic Substances List can be manufactured or imported only by the person who has met the requirements set out in sections 81 or 106 of the Act. Under section 86, in circumstances where a Significant New Activity Notice is issued for a new substance, it is the responsibility of every person who transfers the physical possession or control of the substance to notify all persons to whom the possession or control is transferred of the obligation to comply with the Significant New Activity Notice and of the obligation to notify of any new activity and all other information as described in the notice. It is the responsibility of the users of the substance to be aware of and comply with the Significant New Activity Notice and to submit a Significant New Activity notification to the Minister prior to the commencement of a significant new activity associated with the substance.

A Significant New Activity Notice does not constitute an endorsement from Environment Canada of the substance to which it relates, or an exemption from any other laws or regulations that are in force in Canada and that may apply to this substance or activities involving the substance.

[16-1-o]

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Publication after screening assessment of a substance — Phenol, 4,4 ¢ -(1-methylethylidene)bis- (bisphenol A), CAS No. 80-05-7 — Specified on the Domestic Substances List [subsection 77(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999]

Whereas bisphenol A is a substance on the Domestic Substances List identified under subsection 73(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999;

Whereas a summary of the draft Screening Assessment Report conducted on bisphenol A pursuant to section 74 of the Act is annexed hereby; and

Whereas it is proposed that bisphenol A meets one or more of the criteria set out in section 64 of the Act,

Notice therefore is hereby given that the Ministers of the Environment and of Health propose to recommend to Her Excellency the Governor in Council that bisphenol A be added to Schedule 1 to the Act.

Notice is furthermore given that the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have released a risk management scope document for this substance to initiate discussions with stakeholders on the development of a risk management approach.

Public comment period

As specified under subsection 77(5) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, any person may, within 60 days after publication of this notice, file with the Minister of the Environment written comments on the measure the Ministers propose to take and on the scientific considerations on the basis of which the measure is proposed. More information regarding the scientific considerations may be obtained from the Government of Canada’s Chemical Substances Web site (www.chemicalsubstances.gc.ca). All comments must cite the Canada Gazette, Part I, and the date of publication of this notice and be sent to the Executive Director, Existing Substances Division, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3, 1-800-410-4314 or 819-953-4936 (fax), Existing.Substances.Existantes@ec.gc.ca (email).

In accordance with section 313 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, any person who provides information in response to this notice may submit with the information a request that it be treated as confidential.

GEORGE ENEI
Acting Director General
Science and Risk Assessment Directorate
On behalf of the Minister of the Environment

MARGARET KENNY
Director General
Chemical Sectors Directorate
On behalf of the Minister of the Environment

KAREN LLOYD
Acting Director General
Safe Environments Programme
On behalf of the Minister of Health

ANNEX

Summary of the Screening Assessment Report of Phenol,
4,4¢ -(1-methylethylidene)bis-

Phenol, 4,4¢ -(1-methylethylidene)bis- (bisphenol A, CAS RN 80-05-7) is an industrial chemical that was identified for screening assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999). Bisphenol A is used primarily as a formulant in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonates have wide application in consumer products (e.g. repeat-use polycarbonate containers), in medical devices, glazing applications, film and the electronics industry, while epoxy resins are used in protective coatings, structural composites, electrical laminates and as adhesives and sealants.

Bisphenol A is a high volume chemical, with global production capacity estimated at just under 3 billion kg/year in 2003. In the United States, production quantities increased from 7.3 million kg in 1991 to 640 million kg in 1993 and just over 1 billion kg in 2004. Canadian market values may be lower than those for the United States; however, approximately 12 million kg of bisphenol A were reported as manufactured, imported or in commerce in Canada during the calendar year 1986. In 2006, no bisphenol A was manufactured in Canada at quantities equal to or greater than a reporting threshold of 100 kg. However, bisphenol A was used in Canada in the range of 0.1 to 1 million kg and approximately half a million kg was imported into Canada either alone, in a product, in a mixture or in a manufactured item.

The available data indicate that bisphenol A does not persist significantly under aerobic conditions. However, the substance has been found not to degrade or to degrade only slowly under conditions of low or no oxygen. This stability, combined with significant anthropogenic production and use, could lead to the formation of areas of accumulation or “sinks” in the environment, with the potential to act as future sources of exposure for organisms. While the substance is predicted to degrade rapidly under aerobic conditions (half-life in the order of days), it has been widely detected in surface waters, wastewater effluent and sewage sludge. Possible explanations for this may be that inputs to the environment are sufficiently large and continuous that measurable concentrations are always present and/or that the substance is not degrading as rapidly as predicted. Further, bisphenol A is present in media to which there is no direct release, such as sediment and groundwater. This implies that the substance remains sufficiently long in the environment to move from its point of release into other environmental media. Levels in the environment are expected to increase given that bisphenol A is a high-production chemical and global demand for the substance is increasing.

While the data point to low bioaccumulation potential and a capacity for metabolism in some species, bioaccumulation factors of up to 650 have been measured for lower trophic level organisms, confirming that bisphenol A is bioavailable and can accumulate in tissues.

Releases of bisphenol A to the air compartment have been reported to the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI). Bisphenol A has been measured in municipal and industrial wastewaters, sludge and biosolids. Concentrations as high as 40 000 μg/kg dry weight were reported in municipal wastewater sludges collected from treatment plants across Canada. Bisphenol A has been detected in Canadian and U.S. surface waters, sediment and groundwater over wide areas. Studies from North America, Europe and Japan also document detectable levels in several species of aquatic biota. The data demonstrate that bisphenol A is present in a wide range of environmental media.

Bisphenol A is acutely toxic to aquatic organisms and is considered highly hazardous to the aquatic environment. It can also impact the normal development of individual organisms and influence the development of their offspring, with demonstrated adverse effects on aquatic organisms as well as on reproduction in earthworms, growth in terrestrial plants, and development in mammals and birds. There is evidence that single or multiple dose low-level exposure to bisphenol A, particularly at sensitive life cycle stages, may lead to permanent alterations in hormonal, developmental or reproductive capacity. In laboratory testing, these effects have occurred at concentrations below those shown to cause acute effects, and within the range of concentrations measured in wastewaters, receiving waters and sediments in Canada and the United States, indicating that there is potential for adverse effects in populations of aquatic organisms, particularly those in close proximity to point sources.

On the basis of expected continued or increasing exposure of biota, and information indicating the potential for long-term adverse effects to organisms within the range of concentrations currently measured in the environment, it is considered appropriate to apply a precautionary approach when characterizing risk. As such, it is proposed that bisphenol A is entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that have or may have an immediate or long-term harmful effect on the environment or its biological diversity.

Human exposure to bisphenol A in Canada can result from dietary intake (i.e., migration from food packaging, migration from repeat-use polycarbonate containers), from environmental media (e.g., ambient air, indoor air, drinking water, soil and dust), from use of consumer products and other sources. Dietary intake is the primary source of exposure. Exposure estimates for the general population of Canada range from 0.08 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day to 4.30 μg/kg-bw per day. Specific exposure estimates for the most highly exposed subpopulation (i.e., infants) range from an average of 0.50 μg/kg-bw per day (maximum 4.30 μg/kg-bw per day) for infants aged 0 to 1 month to an average of 0.27 μg/kg-bw per day (maximum 1.75 μg/kg-bw per day) for infants aged 12 to 18 months. A critical effect for characterization of risk to human health is reproductive and developmental toxicity. The neurodevelopmental and behavioural dataset in rodents, though highly uncertain, is suggestive of potential effects at doses of the same order of magnitude to one to two orders of magnitude higher than exposures. Given that toxicokinetic and metabolism data indicate potential sensitivity to the pregnant woman/fetus and infant, and that animal studies suggest a trend towards heightened susceptibility during stages of development in rodents, it is considered appropriate to apply a precautionary approach when characterizing risk. As such, it is proposed that bisphenol A be considered as a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health.

Proposed conclusion

Based on the information available, it is proposed that bisphenol A meets one or more of the criteria set out in section 64 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. Bisphenol A meets criteria for persistence but does not meet criteria for bioaccumulation potential as set out in the Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations.

The draft Screening Assessment Report as well as the proposed risk management scope document for this substance are available on the Government of Canada’s Chemical Substances Web site (www.chemicalsubstances.gc.ca).

[16-1-o]

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Human health science assessment document for inhaled manganese

Pursuant to subsection 55(3) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Minister of Health hereby gives notice of the publication of a draft science assessment document entitled Human Health Risk Assessment for Inhaled Manganese. This document provides a detailed technical review of the science of the health effects of manganese and includes a health-based reference concentration for manganese in air of 0.05 μg/m³. This value represents the concentration to which the general population, including sensitive subgroups, can be exposed for a lifetime without appreciable harm.

Any person may, within 60 days after publication of this notice, file with the Minister of Health written comments on the draft risk assessment document. All written comments will be made publicly available to interested parties upon request. All comments and information requests must cite the Canada Gazette, Part I, as well as the date of publication of this notice, and be sent to the Air Health Effects Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue W, Room 3-073, Postal Locator 4903c, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, 613-957-0385 (telephone), 613-948-8482 (fax), air_manganese@hc-sc.gc.ca (email). The full draft risk assessment document is available at the following Web site: http://hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/index_e.html. Once all comments have been reviewed and considered, it is anticipated that the final version of this risk assessment document will be published in the Canada Gazette, Part I.

April 11, 2008

KAREN LLOYD
Acting Director General
Safe Environments Programme
On behalf of the Minister of Health

ANNEX

SUMMARY OF DRAFT DOCUMENT HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR INHALED MANGANESE

Manganese (CAS 7439-96-5) is a metal that is found naturally in air, water, soil and living systems. Biologically, manganese is an essential mineral and is required for the functioning of a number of enzyme families. In addition to its essential role within the body, manganese is a well-documented toxicant in humans at sufficiently high levels of exposure. Although manganese can be toxic to a number of organ systems, including the reproductive and respiratory systems, the critical target organ is the central nervous system (CNS), where manganese accumulates within the basal ganglia of the brain. Very high levels of exposure can result in a clinical and severely debilitating neurological disease known as manganism. More moderate levels of exposure can result in worsening of subclinical neurological function, including fine motor control, tremor, memory and cognitive ability, consistent with damage to the basal ganglia (ATSDR, 2000).

Ingested manganese is subject to homeostatic controls, both at the point of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract as well as via biliary excretion (ingested manganese passes through the liver prior to entering systemic circulation). Only a small percentage of an oral dose of manganese enters systemic circulation. Conversely, inhaled manganese enters systemic circulation directly, making the manganese available for distribution to and accumulation in the body’s tissues, including the brain. Manganese delivery to the brain can occur across the blood-brain barrier, through the choroid plexus and via direct olfactory transport. In the case of the latter, inhaled manganese deposited on the olfactory epithelium can be transported directly along the olfactory system to the olfactory bulb within the brain, providing a direct interface between the nervous system and manganese in the external environment (Aschner et al., 2005).

Toxicological studies of manganese have used animal models to investigate the neuropathological, behavioural, developmental, and genotoxic effects of exposure to this metal. These studies have also examined how factors such as chemical form and valence affect toxicity, and how age, gender, diet and disease affect susceptibility. In general, the majority of toxicology studies have been performed with rodents using high exposure doses and small treatment groups. Some studies have used non-human primates, and an increasing amount of mechanistic in vitro work has been carried out with neural cell lines. The principal behavioural effect reported in manganese-exposed rodents is transient modification of spontaneous motor activity (Health Canada, 2007). Studies with non-human primates, though fewer, provide more detailed behavioural analyses, with symptoms of manganese intoxication often resembling those reported in humans (Newland, 1999). Hyperactivity is reported as a common early symptom, progressing to abnormal movements, muscular rigidity and limb flexion.

Based on data from toxicology studies with non-human primates and rodents, it can be hypothesized that a number of interrelated processes are set in motion as manganese intoxication progresses: (i) cellular energy supplies are depleted by mitochondrial disruption and interference with oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle; (ii) oxidative stress is induced by interference with cellular respiration, the oxidation of dopamine, and/or reduced antioxidant function; (iii) cellular iron and calcium homeostasis are disrupted; (iv) impaired astrocyte function leads to increased extracellular glutamate concentration and potential excitotoxicity; and (v) apoptosis and/or necrosis is triggered in active neurons, leading to cell death (Health Canada, 2007). The end result of these toxic processes is cytotoxicity and selective neurodegeneration in regions of the brain that accumulate manganese, in turn leading to an alteration in CNS neurotransmission that gives rise to the behavioural effects associated with manganese intoxication (Gavin et al., 1999; Erikson and Aschner, 2003; Health Canada, 2007).

The effects of manganese exposure on human health have been investigated in a large number of epidemiological studies. These have primarily evaluated the impact of manganese exposure on subclinical neurofunctional outcomes such as fine motor control, tremor, memory and aspects of cognitive ability. Of the many symptoms examined, measures of fine motor control, particularly of the fingers, hands and wrists, as well as tremor, have been most consistently affected by manganese exposure (Health Canada, 2007). Although most studies have made use of occupationally exposed populations, two key studies have shown an association between blood manganese levels and neurofunction in adults and children in the general population (Mergler et al., 1999; Takser et al., 2003). In addition, a recent study has shown an elevated prevalence of parkinsonian symptoms in populations living in the vicinity of a large manganese industry (Lucchini et al., 2003).

A study of Italian ferroalloy workers (Lucchini et al., 1999) was identified as the critical study for a quantitative risk assessment of the neurotoxic effects of manganese and the derivation of a new reference concentration for manganese. This dataset included exposure variables, neurofunctional outcome variables, serum prolactin, and confounder variables. Dose-response assessment was carried out using benchmark concentration analysis methodology. Two exposure metrics were used: (1) work history average respirable manganese (ARE); and (2) average respirable manganese over the five years prior to testing (ARE5). ARE5 was investigated based on biological evidence of clearance of manganese from the brain over months to several years. The analysis revealed three significant dose-response models for ARE (three tests of fine motor control) and ten significant dose-response models for ARE5, including six tests of fine motor control, two aspects of memory tests, one test of mental arithmetic and serum prolactin.

Results from the benchmark concentration analysis were used in the derivation of potential new reference concentrations for inhaled manganese. Benchmark concentration analysis results were adjusted to account for conversion from an occupational exposure regime (5/7 days per week and 8/24 hours per day) to constant exposure as experienced by the general population. One uncertainty factor of 10 was applied to the benchmark concentration analysis results to account for interindividual variability in response to manganese. Specifically, evidence regarding the possible enhanced susceptibility of the elderly, infants and children, individuals with asymptomatic pre-parkinsonism, individuals with chronic liver disease or on parenteral nutrition, females and individuals with iron deficiency was considered. A second uncertainty factor of 10 was applied to account for the following limitations in the database: (a) the general population may be exposed to more soluble forms of manganese, which can enhance delivery of manganese to the brain; (b) the lack of extensive studies of the effect of prenatal exposure to manganese; and (c) the potential effects that manganese exposure earlier in life may have on health outcomes later in life. Results from the dose-response models with ARE5, a more sensitive measure of the critical manganese exposure affecting the health outcomes, yield reference concentrations of 0.05-0.08 μg/m³. This review and analysis concludes that the new Health Canada reference concentration for inhaled manganese is 0.05 μg/m³ in PM₁₀. This value reflects the concentration to which the general population, including sensitive subgroups, can be exposed for a lifetime without appreciable harm.

Results from a population-based study of personal exposure in Toronto (1996) revealed that about 10% of adults have personal exposures greater than 0.05 μg Mn/m³ in PM₁₀ and greater than 0.014 μg Mn/m³ in PM_2.5 (Pellizzari et al., 1998; Pellizzari et al., 1999). Since 2000, annual average ambient manganese levels in Canadian cities without major manganese-emitting industries have ranged from 0.004-0.035 μg/m³ in PM₁₀. In some areas of cities with major manganese-emitting industries, such as Hamilton and Sault Ste. Marie, the annual average level of PM₁₀ manganese in air has ranged from 0.05-0.22 μg/m³ in PM₁₀. Personal exposures to manganese have not been measured in locations with large manganese-emitters. This review concludes that exposure of Canadians to inhaled manganese is close to, and for a segment of the population may overlap with, the recommended new Health Canada air reference concentration of 0.05 μg/m³ in PM₁₀.

References

Aschner, M., K. M. Erikson, and D. C. Dorman. 2005. Manganese dosimetry: species differences and implications for neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 35(1): 1-32.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2000. Toxicological Profile for Manganese (update).

Erikson, K. M., and Aschner, M. 2003. Manganese neurotoxicity and glutamate-GABA interaction. Neurochemistry International 43: 475-80.

Gavin, C. E., Gunter, K. K., and Gunter, T. E. 1999. Manganese and calcium transport in mitochondria: implications for manganese toxicity. Neurotoxicology 20: 445-53.

Health Canada. 2007. Human Health Risk Assessment for Inhaled Manganese. Draft document.

Lucchini, R., L. Benedetti, S. Borghesi, S. Garattini, G. Parrinello, and L. Allesio. 2003. [Exposure to neurotoxic metals and prevalence of parkinsonian syndromes in the province of Brescia, Northern Italy]. In Italian.G Ital Med Lav Ergon 25(3): 88-89.

Lucchini, R., P. Apostoli, C. Perrone, D. Placidi, E. Albini, P. Migliorati, D. Mergler, M. P. Sassine, S. Palmi, and L. Alessio. 1999. Long-term exposure to “low levels” of manganese oxides and neurofunctional changes in ferroalloy workers. Neurotoxicology 20, No. 2-3: 287-97.

Mergler, D., M. Baldwin, S. Belanger, F. Larribe, A. Beuter, R. Bowler, M. Panisset, R. Edwards, A. de Geoffroy, M. P. Sassine, and K. Hudnell. 1999. Manganese neurotoxicity, a continuum of dysfunction: results from a community based study. Neurotoxicology 20, No. 2-3: 327-42.

Newland, M. C. 1999. Animal models of manganese’s neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 20: 415-32.

Pellizzari, E. D., C. A. Clayton, C. E. Rodes, R. Mason, L. Piper, B. Fort, G. Pfeifer, and D. Lynam. 1999. Particulate matter and manganese exposures in Toronto, Canada. Atmospheric Environment 33: 721-34.

Pellizzari, E. D., R. Mason, C. Clayton, K. W. Thomas, S. Cooper, L. Piper, C. Rodes, M. Goldberg, J. Roberds and L. Michael. 1998. Manganese Exposure Study (Toronto), RTI/6312/02-01 F.

Takser, L., D. Mergler, G. Hellier, J. Sahuquillo, and G. Huel. 2003. Manganese, monoamine metabolite levels at birth, and child psychomotor development. Neurotoxicology 24, No. 4-5: 667-74.

[16-1-o]

NOTICE OF VACANCY

CANADIAN FORCES GRIEVANCE BOARD

Chairperson (full-time position)

Salary Range: $126,200–$148,500

Location: National Capital Region

The Canadian Forces Grievance Board is an administrative tribunal with quasi-judicial powers, independent from the Department of National Defence (DND) and the Canadian Forces (CF).

The Board commenced operations on March 1, 2000, in accordance with legislation enacted in December 1998 that contained amendments to the National Defence Act (NDA). The purpose behind these amendments and the fundamental reason for creating the Board were to create an organization that would play a distinctive role with regard to the CF grievance review process in support of the Government’s public policy values of equity, transparency and fairness for all.

The Board conducts objective and transparent reviews of grievances with due respect to fairness and equity for each individual member of the CF, regardless of rank or position. It plays a unique role within the military grievance review process because it enhances the confidence of CF members in the grievance system by providing an independent and impartial review of military grievances. Its mission is to review grievances in a timely and informal manner in order to provide fair and impartial findings and recommendations to the Chief of the Defence Staff and to the grievor.

The successful candidate must have a degree from a recognized university in a relevant field of study, or a combination of equivalent education, job-related training and experience. A degree in law would be considered an asset. The qualified candidate must demonstrate significant accomplishments in business, government, academia and/or the not-for-profit sector and must have management experience, at a senior level, in a public or private sector organization. In addition, the ideal candidate should have experience in managing human and financial resources. Experience working on a quasi-judicial tribunal, preferably as Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, legal counsel or equivalent experience, would be an asset.

The chosen candidate must have a good understanding of the broader machinery of government (or an understanding of how large bureaucracies function). A good understanding of the role and responsibilities of the Canadian Forces Grievance Board is necessary. The preferred candidate must have knowledge of military organizations and of their operations and procedures. The successful candidate must have a good understanding of the law and the Canadian legal system and of investigative practices and processes.

The qualified candidate must have excellent leadership and managerial skills, as well as the ability to analyze extensive amounts of varied information for the purpose of rendering a decision. Proven aptitude for developing and maintaining effective liaison with military leaders, government officials, the defence community, stakeholder groups and external agencies is required. The ability to communicate effectively, both orally and in writing, with people from both military and civilian backgrounds is also essential.

The ideal candidate will adhere to high ethical standards and demonstrate integrity, professionalism and loyalty. He or she will have sound judgment, tact, discretion and superior interpersonal skills and will demonstrate impartiality.

Proficiency in both official languages is preferred.

The successful candidate must be prepared to relocate to the National Capital Region, or to a location within reasonable commuting distance, and must be prepared to travel frequently within Canada and overseas.

The Government is committed to ensuring that its appointments are representative of Canada’s regions and official languages, as well as of women, Aboriginal peoples, disabled persons and visible minorities.